The TSH test evaluates thyroid function by measuring TSH levels, which influence the production of thyroid hormones. Elevated TSH levels can indicate hypothyroidism, characterized by symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Low TSH levels suggest hyperthyroidism, which may present with symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heart rate, and heat intolerance. This test is crucial for diagnosing thyroid disorders, monitoring thyroid function, and guiding treatment.